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- @081 CHAP 8
-
- ┌────────────────────────────────────┐
- │ ACCUMULATED EARNINGS TAX │
- └────────────────────────────────────┘
-
- @IF119xx]NOTE FOR @NAME:
- @IF119xx]
- @IF119xx](The following discussion of the accumulated earnings tax is
- @IF119xx]not particularly relevant for your business, which is a
- @IF119xx]@ENTITY, and not a C corporation.)
- @IF119xx]
- @IF110xx](NOTE: Because your firm is organized as a C corporation, it
- @IF110xx]is possible that the accumulated earnings tax penalty des-
- @IF110xx]cribed below could apply to @NAME.
- @IF110xx]
- @IF110xx]If so, you may want to consider electing S corporation stat-
- @IF110xx]us, in order to eliminate any further exposure to this "pen-
- @IF110xx]alty tax" in the future.)
- @IF110xx]
- Because (federal) corporate income tax rates begin at only
- 15% on the first $50,000 of taxable income of a C corpora-
- tion, and only $22,250 on the first $100,000 of taxable
- income (22.25%), it is tempting to accumulate as much in-
- come in the corporation as possible at those low tax rates,
- rather than pay out dividends (or even deductible salaries
- to stockholders), which may be taxable at 31% to 39.6% tax
- rates to the owners. The tax law has long provided for an
- ACCUMULATED EARNINGS TAX on any such income accumulations
- that are considered to be excessive.
-
- Corporations are generally allowed to accumulate up to
- $250,000 of undistributed earnings (only $150,000 for cer-
- tain professional service corporations) without any ques-
- tions from the IRS. Above this safe harbor, however, a
- corporation must be able to justify the accumulation based
- on the "reasonable business needs" of the company. If not
- able to justify excessive accumulations, the corporation
- becomes potentially subject to the accumulated earnings
- penalty tax, which is 39.6% of the amount determined to be
- "excessive accumulations."
-
- Thus, while there are definite benefits to accumulating
- some annual profits in a C corporation, one needs to be
- wary of the accumulated earnings penalty tax, unless you
- are able to demonstrate that the corporation is retaining
- the capital because it needs to plow it back into the busi-
- ness for working capital, expansion, etc.
-
- The possibility of being hit by the accumulated earnings
- penalty tax is one of the disadvantages of operating as a C
- corporation. This is one less tax to worry about if you
- remain unincorporated, or elect to operate your corporation
- under Subchapter S (as an "S corporation").
-
- ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
- │ WAYS OF AVOIDING THE ACCUMULATED EARNINGS TAX │
- └───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-
- While accumulating earnings in a C corporation can be a
- worthwhile tax planning maneuver, you may find after a num-
- ber of years that you have accumulated several hundred thou-
- sand dollars in the corporation, and that cash is coming
- out of the corporation's ears. In that case, the corpora-
- tion will become an inviting target for an overeager IRS
- auditor who wants to slap the corporation with a large ac-
- cumulated earnings penalty tax. Here are a few strategies
- for avoiding (or getting out of) this bind:
-
- . Elect S corporation status, where this is feasible,
- as a last resort. S corporations are not subject to
- the accumulated earnings tax.
-
- . Reduce excess liquidity (too much cash, stocks and
- bonds, etc.) in the corporation by plowing profits
- back into the business, buying more equipment, facil-
- ities. Consider having the corporation buy real
- estate that it is currently leasing from a landlord
- or prepay some of the debts of the corporation. Or,
- if buying out another shareholder, let the corpora-
- tion redeem his or her stock, rather than buy it
- yourself as an individual. Such a redemption will
- reduce the corporation's excess liquidity AND (in
- part) its accumulated earnings.
-
- . Set up a reserve to redeem stock of a shareholder
- (who has died) in order to provide cash for the in-
- dividual's estate to pay death taxes, funeral expen-
- ses and other estate expenses. This reserve, if
- properly documented, is like a debt that is allowed
- as a reduction of the corporation's accumulated
- earnings, in determining the amount of excessive
- accumulated earnings.
-
- . Create a fund to allow for a bona fide plan to re-
- place facilities or to expand the business, includ-
- ing an acquisition of another business. Be sure to
- thoroughly document these plans in your corporate
- minutes.
-
- . Set up a reasonable reserve fund, if in manufactur-
- ing, to pay potential uninsured product liability
- claims. This reserve is not deductible in computing
- income tax, but can be taken into account for pur-
- poses of the accumulated earnings tax.
-
- . Accumulate funds to retire indebtedness created in
- connection with the business of the corporation.
-
- . Establish a "defined benefit pension plan" with an
- initial "past service liability" that must be funded
- over a period of years.
-
- @CODE: LS
- In @STATE, any accumulated earnings are confiscated
- by the State.
-
- @CODE:OF
-
-